The Iron Age, or Israelite period, spans from 1200 to 586 BCE and is divided into two phases.
**Iron Age I (1200–1000 BCE)** marks the decline of Canaanite culture and the rise of new groups, including the Tribes of Israel and the Philistines.
**Iron Age II (1000–586 BCE)** begins with the United Monarchy under David and Solomon, followed by the division into the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. During this time, national kingdoms like Tyre, Sidon, Edom, Moab, and Ammon emerged, along with the dominance of the Assyrian and Babylonian empires.
The Kingdom of Israel fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE, while the Kingdom of Judah was destroyed in 586 BCE by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.
