The Iron Age, or Israelite period, spans from 1200 to 586 BCE and includes two phases:
**Iron Age I (1200–1000 BCE)** is defined by the decline of Canaanite culture and the rise of the Tribes of Israel, the Philistines, and the Sea Peoples.
**Iron Age II (1000–586 BCE)** begins with the United Monarchy under David and Solomon and transitions to the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah. This era also saw the emergence of kingdoms like Tyre, Sidon, Edom, Moab, Ammon, and the dominance of Assyria and Babylon.
The Kingdom of Israel was destroyed in 722 BCE by Assyrian kings Shalmaneser V and Sargon II, while Judah fell in 586 BCE when Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed the First Temple.
