The Iron Age, or Israelite period, spans 1200–586 BCE and is divided into two phases. Iron Age I (1200–1000 BCE) sees the decline of Canaanite culture and the rise of new groups, including the Tribes of Israel and the Philistines.
Iron Age II (1000–586 BCE) begins with the United Monarchy under David and Solomon and includes the division into the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. This period is marked by the emergence of national kingdoms—such as Tyre, Sidon, Edom, Moab, Ammon, and Eram—and the dominance of the Assyrian and Babylonian empires.
